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Diskpart commands



 

Diskpart commands. Search command prompt, right-click, and run it as an administrator. Nov 16, 2019 · Type help shrink and you'll see all parameters of diskpart shrink command as above. Step 2. Step 2 Type diskpart. @echo off. Dec 14, 2014 · When I use diskpart I cannot delete the primary partition. Step:3 Type shrink desired=20480 and press Enter Related commands. We then need to format the partition. Open up a command prompt (CMD/PowerShell). Move to the folder containing the files using the. However, mistaken partition deletion also easily happens. Users can input DiskPart Sep 15, 2020 · 2. Type “select disk [disk number]” and press Enter. Dec 4, 2023 · To do this, type “diskpart” into the Command Prompt window and press Enter. Brief introduction of MBR and GPT ; How to use Diskpart convert disk from GPT to MBR Nov 6, 2014 · The diskpart utility makes it easy. First, open a Command Prompt by clicking Start -> All programs ->Accessories -> Command prompt, or pressing "WIN+R" and typing "cmd". create partition primary size=300. Sep 28, 2023 · If you omit the /V command-line option or use it without specifying a volume label, format prompts you for the volume label after the formatting is complete. Step:2 Type select volume 1 and press Enter to give focus to C drive. diskpart select vdisk file="C:\Virtual Drives\MyVhd. convert gpt command. May 12, 2023 · Open command prompt window: press “Win+R” at the same time and input “cmd” in the Run dialogue window and press Enter. This command line utility can also convert between basic and dynamic disks, repair corrupted master boot records The attributes volume command can be abbreviated as the att vol command as follows: Diskpart> attributes volume set readonly clear hidden Diskpart> att vol set hidden Diskpart> att vol clear readonly Diskpart> att vol set readonly clear hidden . Review diskpart commands. If it does not, it means there's a problem with one of the other disks/controllers. Inside the Command Prompt, type diskpart or hit the Enter key again. Open DiskPart and Select a Disk. Download free software. With this command-line tool, you can manage disks, volumes, partitions, and virtual hard disks. Remove the card and run diskpart. Apr 4, 2023 · Diskpart command, on the other hand, is a command-line tool that provides more advanced and flexible options for managing disk partitions and volumes. In our example it's partition 1, so we type select partition 1. Manipulate volume or disk attributes. Type “list partition” and press Enter. If you mistakenly mark a partition as active and it does not contain the operating system startup files, your computer might not start. list disk. Specifies the amount of space in megabytes (MB) to add to the current volume or partition. The command is " format fs= ( file system here) quick ," just replace (file system here) with the desired format. Dec 22, 2023 · EXIT. Here are some of the most basic Diskpart commands: list disk: Lists all of the disks on your Instead, This command is intended to allow you to reclaim space on a corrupted offline dynamic disk in an emergency situation where the clean command in DiskPart can't be used. Diskpart only hangs if there is a problem accessing one of the disks detected via the controllers. You can start a line with REM to make the line a comment. Type “ cmd ” and press Shift+Enter to open the Command Prompt with Commands you can issue at the DISKPART prompt or in a text file: ACTIVE On basic disks, mark the partition with focus as active. Deletes a volume. Join our virtual technical event March 26-28, 2024, sponsored by Intel. Step 1. Before you can use diskpart commands, you must first list, and then select an object to give it focus. This command will list all the available and detectable storage disks, including internal and external drives and USB storage. Then, you can type the syntax to shrink volume, as May 12, 2023 · Download Freeware Win 11/10/8. vlcek@pillartech. Use the select disk command to select a basic disk and shift the focus to it. Select "FAT32" as the file system and click "OK". Nov 30, 2021 · Check that in File Explorer that the Recovery partition is not visible. Press Enter. As you will see shortly, there are so many DiskPart commands. To run a diskpart script, at the command prompt, type the following command, where scriptname is the name of the text file that contains your script: diskpart /s scriptname. NTFS is Windows' file system, exFAT and FAT32 are typically used for external storage devices Right click on the command prompt app that comes up and then select Run as administrator. Start cmd in admin mode, and type 'diskpart'. If you use a single format command to format more than one disk, all of the disks are given the same volume label. 12. The partition number in the following Diskpart command can now be used to remove or edit these partitions. You will see the prompt change to "DISKPART>". Now type diskpart on the command prompt. Dec 4, 2018 · To view the available disks on your system, run the command list disk. DiskPart does not check the contents of the partition. To launch this tool, open a DOS prompt, type DiskPart, and press Enter. Mar 7, 2024 · Step 1. 4) First set of DISKPART commands in script selects DISK 0, the primary disk which in most cases is correct (more about this in step 3. From the command prompt, type diskpart and press Enter. Please select a partition, and try again. Nov 21, 2022 · To erase and repair a hard drive on Windows 11 with DiskPart, use these steps: Open Start on Windows 11. 2 - DISKPART> list partition. Feb 25, 2022 · Procedure. Jan 23, 2023 · In Recovery Console, +c and -c switches apply to attrib. Aug 29, 2023 · Launching Diskpart is a straightforward process. Clear the configuration information, or Feb 3, 2023 · Events. Step 1: Open the Run window by pressing Windows and R keys. Diskpart will start to extend the partition; wait till is completed. Using diskpart to list the drives from a PC. Add a mirror to a simple volume. This command imports every disk that is in the same group as the disk with focus. type 'select partition *'. Volume 2 below is ideal for shrinking, given its NTFS formatting. If you’re running Windows server, you can just run Powershell then launch diskpart on the cli. Step one verified that Disk 1 is the 3TB drive. create partition extended command. In Windows 10, if diskpart is run by a non-administrator, answer Yes at the UAC prompt to proceed. /Q Diskpart is a command-line utility in Windows operating systems ( OS s) that is used to manage disks, partitions and volumes. Type “list disk” and press Enter. Then input the following command in sequence and press Enter after every command. [6] Command Prompt will display "DiskPart succeeded in creating the specified partition" when it's done. May 12, 2023 · 1. A basic disk must be selected for this operation to succeed. At the prompt, type the following command — substituting the drive letter if necessary. txt. Place your diskpart commands (the ones you type after typing diskpart) in a text file like script. Type "diskpart" and hit enter. Deletes a partition. Même To create a volume of 1000 megabytes in size, on disk 1, type: create volume simple size=1000 disk=1. Type "list vol" to list all available volumes. In this window, type 'list disk' and press May 16, 2016 · 2. Mar 23, 2021 · DiskPart is a Windows command-line tool that helps you manage drives on your computer. Join us. In addition, some common DiskPart commands are also discussed to help you create, extend, delete partitions, and more. list volume: list all the available partitions and drives. In our case we will use the example. In Windows versions previous to Windows 10, the command requires you run a Command Prompt as Administrator. At the DiskPart prompt, type: list disk Nov 20, 2023 · DiskPart, replacing its predecessor - fdisk, is a command-line utility that provides the ability to manage disks, partitions or volumes in your computer running all versions of the operating system since Windows 2000, also including the latest Windows 10. Feb 3, 2023 · assign. The possible return messages after each command finishes are: Diskpart failed to set volume attributes. Nov 10, 2023 · Type "create partition primary" and press ↵ Enter. It would launch who Command Prompt. Hit enter. May 12, 2023 · Using the command-line can totally replace the Windows interface. Dec 26, 2023 · In this example, the correct command to break the mirrored volume is: Diskpart> break disk=m0 nokeep After you issue this command, the mirror on Disk 1 is converted to a simple volume, and the reference to the missing mirror is deleted from the Logical Disk Management (LDM) database. Imports a foreign disk group into the disk group of the local computer. Type “diskpart. Jun 10, 2023 · diskpart {Press enter} and type. They set and clear the compressed file attribute, respectively. Now select the drive you want to partition using select disk command. Converts an empty dynamic disk into a basic disk. delete command. The command prompt shall open. You will return to the diskpart prompt. Feb 3, 2023 · Converts an empty basic disk with the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition style into a basic disk with the master boot record (MBR) partition style. Using diskpart to select the disk on which the following commands are applied to. Oct 16, 2023 · Expand table. Aug 26, 2023 · Open the Start Menu and then type "cmd. Feb 3, 2023 · Displays or sets the GUID partition table (GPT) identifier or master boot record (MBR) signature for the basic or dynamic disk with focus. diskpart. Step 3. Type the following command to determine the drive to format and press Feb 3, 2023 · Displays a list of disks and information about them, such as their size, amount of available free space, whether the disk is a basic or dynamic disk, and whether the disk uses the master boot record (MBR) or GUID partition table (GPT) partition style. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the selected volume. You can use NTFS, exFAT and FAT32. O Dec 14, 2015 · 8. Reference article for the select commands, which shifts the focus to a disk, partition, volume, or virtual hard disk (VHD). create partition primary command. Capture and apply Windows, system, and recovery partitions. Owner command prompt will take the DiskPart utility instrument in ampere novel window with some of your computer’s info toward of top. Run Diskpart as administrator. To set the selected volume as hidden and read-only, type: attributes volume set hidden readonly. A basic or dynamic disk must be selected for this operation to succeed. Insert your Windows DVD into the optical drive. This will open up a Command Prompt window with DiskPart already selected. Feb 3, 2023 · To display the current attributes on the selected volume, type: attributes volume. Jan 3, 2024 · Diskpart, replacing the predecessor fdisk, is a powerful command-line utility in Windows that allows users to manage disk partitions effectively. select partition 4 (4 is the target partition) extend size=100 (100 is the size in MB of the partition you want to extend) Then, it will remind you that Diskpart Jan 27, 2024 · The diskpart command interpreter helps you manage your computer’s drives (disks, partitions, volumes, or virtual hard disks). To force delete the partition that is protected by Windows like the OEM recovery partition, using the "delete partition override" command can make a difference. May 12, 2023 · Launch and run Command Prompt as Administrator: Click the “Start” button and enter “cmd” in the search box; then right-click “Command Prompt” and select “Run as Administrator”. Right-click the disk partition you want to format as FAT32 and choose "Format Partition". Type "sel dis 1" changing out the number 1 for whatever number your USB device was in step 4. partition. exe /s exemple. The diskpart prompt will open. To select the disk you want to work with, type select disk followed by the number of the hard disk you want to use. [IMPORTANT] Before you can use this command, you must use the select disk command to select a dynamic disk in a foreign disk group and shift the focus to it. 4), the disk where Windows will be installed, then wipes it clean and finally converts disk to GPT even if the disk previously already was a GPT disk: sel disk 0. Secure Download. com - Configure UEFI/GPT-Based Hard Drive Partitions using Windows PE and DiskPart. type 'delete partition override'. Command-Line Syntax Key. Mar 5, 2017 · 2. Delete partition. microsoft. You can retrieve data to another place if necessary. Step 3: Input the "select volume*" command and press Enter. For example, here’s a script that wipes a disk and then creates a 300 MB partition for the Windows Recovery Environment: Jan 15, 2024 · Step 1 Open Command Prompt. Delete disk. Step 2: type list disk and hit Enter (choose an available disk to create the new partition). 2023. The user can type the syntax to perform the corresponding action on the disk on Windows 11/10/8/7. This article mainly introduces you how to use Diskpart convert MBR. May 12, 2023 · Step 2. Type "diskpart" to start up diskpart. Type: diskpart. size= <n>. STEP 3: Type List Disk. format quick fs=ntfs label=Windows RE tools. docs. Open DiskPart by typing diskpart in the Start menu search bar, then selecting the Best Match. To delete the partition with focus, type: delete partition Related links. vhdx" this too does the same thing but using a cmd prompt. Type cmd and press Enter. The command will list all the drives that are available with the computer. Creates an Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) system partition on a GUID Partition Table (gpt) disk on Itanium-based computers. txt and call diskpart with the following command. Check the link above and MS's documentation for diskpart, dism and reagentc. Jan 7, 2021 · select disk 0. Here’s how you can do it: Press Windows + R to launch the Run Command box. Syntax uniqueid disk [id={<dword> | <GUID>}] [noerr] Parameters DiskPart is a text-mode command interpreter. Warning 2: Check disk numbers, partition numbers and volume letters carefully before executing commands. You can also see the individual partitions of the hard disk: With the list disk command and the hard disk number, choose the desired hard drive. Type the following command and hit Enter after each command. Diskpart Commands Full List. Jan 3, 2024 · Everything About Diskpart Commands. It can be used to create, resize or delete hard drive partitions and set active or bootable partitions. Choose a disk that has some unallocated or unused space. Diskpart is a Windows built-in disk partitioning utility that helps Windows administrators partition hard drives, create, delete, format, wipe, and even convert disks for free using respective syntax command lines. Apr 29, 2023 · Type cmd inside the Run command section and hit the Entry key on the keyboard. If the current read only state yes problem still exits, you can check the properties of the USB drive via Diskpart to fix disk is write-protected issue. Jul 12, 2023 · Once command line is open, type 'diskpart' and press Enter. May 12, 2023 · This way will erase all data on the disk. Step 1: call out the Run box and type diskpart in it. Type the command as mentioned above and press 'Enter' to launch DiskPart. convert dynamic command. Replace * with the number of volumes/partitions you want to shrink. In the DiskPart command Window, type list disk and hit Enter. Type list disk then press enter - this will show a list of drives in the system, starting with Drive 0. Step 2: Type diskpart in the window and hit Enter. cz · 15. This article will illustrate various use cases of the diskpart command. Also, be patient, it may take some time to read a disk with problems. This command makes free disk space available from the unused space at the end of the volume. Additionally, the volume doesn't currently have a drive letter. " This works identically in Command Prompt, PowerShell, or Windows Terminal as long as it is launched as administrator. cd\. select disk # ( # stands for the number of the disk to wipe) clean. Apr 4, 2023 · To utilize the hard disk number with subsequent Diskpart commands, you must keep it in mind. Type “diskpart” to open the DiskPart command prompt. You can identify the drive by size and file system. Diskpart delete disk shall be in the following order. Windows Server, Intel, and Azure experts share tips, demos, and preview what’s next. Click Start, type “cmd” to find the cmd program, right click it and select “Run as Administrator”, or press “WIN+R”, type “cmd” and press Enter. To use DiskPart, you need to open the command line prompt first. From Command Prompt, enter the following: g: (Where "g" is your DVD drive letter) cd boot (changes to boot directory) G:\boot bootsect /nt60 d: (Where "d" is your USB drive letter) Copy all files from the Windows CD to the USB flash drive using xcopy. The diskpart process notifies you when the conversion completes. FORMAT - Format a disk. Break a mirror set. 61 ). If you want to see all the volumes then type list volume and hit Enter. Step 3 Type "list disk". May 12, 2023 · Clear read only on USB drive via Diskpart. Step 4. If no drive letter or mount point is specified, the next Feb 5, 2024 · DiskPart utility gives you the facility to perform multiple disk partitioning operations that you may perform using the Disk Management tool. The above command will open a Diskpart window. Disk 2 is now the selected disk. This tool enables you to manage objects (disks, partitions, or volumes) by using scripts or direct input at a command prompt. Enable and disable automatic mounting of basic volumes. Input " list disk " to list all disks connected to your computer and press Enter. In addition, diskpart can be used to assign drive letters and mount disk drives. May 12, 2023 · DiskPart. Type the following commands and hit Enter after each command. select partition. You will see the list of all available disks pop up on the screen. Type "clean" and hit enter. Here we choose a 120GB drive. At the Diskpart prompt, type the following commands one after one and press Enter. These commands work to create, delete, or resize disk partitions and format disks. Converts an empty basic disk with the master boot record (MBR) partition style into a basic disk with the GUID partition table (GPT) partition style. DiskPart is available to delete data partitions and delete all partitions one time by using the "clean disk" after the "list disk" command. Examples. Once there, run the diskpart command, and then type in the following to list out the volumes on your This is the Command Prompt window. Assigns a drive letter or mount point to the volume with focus. Use the select volume command to select a volume and shift the focus to it. If there are more than 1 partition on your disk, you need to delete them one by one if you want to delete the whole disk This worked: Run CMD. After an object has focus, any disk part commands that you type will act on that object. Specifies the disk on which the volume or partition is extended. Note the disk number of your USB device to use later. Next, identify a volume by running the list volume command, or execute the detail disk command to view information about the disk and its associated volumes. Basic Diskpart Commands. Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option. Feb 3, 2023 · Expand table. Converts a basic disk into a dynamic disk. Whether you need to format, create, resize, or delete partitions, Diskpart will provide a comprehensive set of commands for users to input to handle various disk-related tasks. Equivalent bash command (Linux): mkfs, in FreeBSD & OSX: newfs, fsck_exfat . create partition efi command. select vdisk file="C:\Virtual Drives\MyVhd. Input “ select disk n ”(n is the number of MBR disk)to select the MBR disk you want to convert to GPT and press Enter. Feb 3, 2023 · The Diskpart shrink command reduces the size of the selected volume by the amount you specify. At the DISKPART prompt, enter convert gpt to convert the MBR disk to the GPT partition format. Open the Run box. " Right-click the result and then choose "Run as administrator. Nov 30, 2021 · Type diskpart, after pressing Windows+R Keys and clicking on ok. diskpart /s script. From the diskpart prompt, type list disk and press Enter. The DiskPart utility will appear in a separate window (see Fig. Nov 12, 2023 · To start DiskPart, run the diskpart command, from the Run box or a Command Prompt. Run the “ select partition number ” command while replacing “number” with the actual volume number. It allows users to perform a wider range of disk-related tasks such as creating and deleting partitions, formatting volumes, assigning drive letters, setting attributes, and managing dynamic disks. Type diskpart then press enter. Carefully check for the actual disk number that is to be cleaned - if the wrong disk is selected here, all data will be Mar 8, 2022 · To check the available disks: Open the DiskPart and after “ DISKPART> ” prompt type list disk and hit enter. Press the " Windows + R " key simultaneously, and input " diskpart " in the box. View the partitions exist, either by right-clicking Start and selecting Disk Management, or by using diskpart (Open a command prompt as an administrator > diskpart > select disk 0 > list partition > exit ). To apply the DiskPart commands on the disks, you need to remember the disk number. Parameter. I am attempting to attach this drive at startup (so will eventually create a Scheduled Task) but if i execute the command in one row. Share. You can also use this command to change the drive letter associated with a removable drive. Step 4: Type "shrink desired=*" and hit Enter. List available disk drives using the command below: list disk. May 12, 2023 · If you need to delete the OEM partition to free up a few gigabytes of space, then you can use Diskpart commands. Tento nástroj je ideální pro pokročilé uživatele a This is the Command Prompt window. com - Configure BIOS/MBR-Based Hard Disk Partitions using Windows PE and DiskPart. Outside of this diagnostic area in Windows XP, use the compact command to handle file compression from the command line. DISKPART - Disk Administration. This is the Command Prompt window. delete volume command Nov 5, 2023 · Diskpart is a command-line tool in Windows that allows users to manage disks, volumes, and partitions. Mar 11, 2024 · Steps for running the Diskpart clean command. Attaches a virtual disk file. Feb 3, 2023 · Description. A volume must be selected for this operation to succeed. Apr 7, 2021 · 1. Now, we will show you how to resize partition with DiskPart step by step. Use the syntax /V: to prevent the prompt for a volume label. In the subsequent window, type the following May 12, 2023 · Diskpart is an embedded product that needs to be used under Command Prompt which uses command line to format partition, delete partition, as well as shrink or extend partition. Step 1: Launch Diskpart. 2. Select the volume using "sel vol <number>". Displays the partitions listed in the partition table of the current disk. 3 - DISKPART> select partition 1 (Now, select the recovery partition) [4 is Optional for don't remember recovery part] 4 - DISKPART> detail partition (verify that it is recovery. convert basic command. by lukas. Fix 3. To see a list of all available commands, type “help” and press Enter. clean. Use the select disk command to select a disk and shift the focus to it. Creates a primary partition on the basic disk with focus. assign letter=T. A list of disks will appear in a text format. Although diskpart shows that Partition 1 is selected by the asterisk I cannot delete the partition. type 'list partition'. It provides a set of commands that can be used to perform operations such as creating, formatting, and managing disks and volumes. If no size is given, all of the contiguous free space that is available on the disk is used. Steps to shrink system C drive with Diskpart in Windows 10: Step:1 Type list volume and press Enter to execute, then you'll see all partitions. From there we will simply indicate where diskpart will find the file containing the commands. command. Type "format fs=ntfs" and press ↵ Enter. create command. !!! It's a non-sense message of Windows, asking for a parameter that is not even indicated by "HELP DELETE PARTITION", the correct parameter supported ("OVERRRIDE", not "FORCE PROTECTION") is still not documented correctly !!! My opinion is that it is an old bug of DISKPART, signaled since long, but constantly ignored by Microsoft). type 'list disk'. Install and launch it. In this blog, learn about DiskPart in detail and how to use its commands. convert mbr command Nov 26, 2021 · Austère, mais très puissant, l'utilitaire DiskPart fourni avec Windows permet de gérer, de créer, de supprimer, de dimensionner et de formater les disques et les partitions de votre PC. Follow this page, and you'll know all the information on Diskpart commands. You'll need to do this before you can further format your USB drive. disk= <n>. In the diskpart window, type "list disk" and hit enter. type 'select disk *'. txt file. Dec 5, 2022 · Click on Start > Run. Reference article for the Diskpart clean command, which removes all partitions or volume formatting from the disk with focus. Then type “Diskpart” and press “Enter” to launch Diskpart to format USB drive. Description. Once the command-line window is open, type list disk and press enter. DiskPart provides three types of create partition, so it has three different commands. 1. Step 2: Type the command "list volume" and press Enter. So, please make sure the partition is the one you want to delete before running the diskpart command “delete partition” or “delete partition override”. The following table shows a summary of the commands for the diskpart process. Step 3: type select disk 2 (any target disk that is allowed to create the partition) and hit Description. Note: If Diskpart has encountered an error: The parameter is incorrect still appears, replace “clean” with “clean all”. If no disk is specified, the volume 1 - DISKPART> select disk 0. But be very careful that your commands are correct and well tested and don't call the batch file diskpart. Once done, you will see the “ Diskpart successfully extended the volume ” success message. However, there are two commands – LIST and SELECT – that come before any other command. select disk 0 (0 is the disk where the partition located) list partition. Jun 14, 2022 · Now we give you an example of using the diskpart command line to create a 55000 MB primary partition. Feb 3, 2023 · Syntax. Identify which partition is RAW and you need to fix according to Jun 27, 2019 · Warning 1: You must know what the following commands do before you execute them. There are no partitions selected. 4. Remember the Type value, this will be handy if something goes wrong) Mar 15, 2024 · Diskpart is a useful command-line utility for hard drive management and using it can remove a partition easily and quickly. Diskpart commands can be executed from the Windows command prompt or within a batch file. Reference article for the attributes command, which displays, sets, or clears the attributes of a disk or volume. exe” in the Run box and press Enter to open DiskPart command window. exe je vestavěný nástroj pro správu disků ve Windows, který poskytuje pokročilé možnosti pro manipulaci s pevnými disky, oddíly a dalšími úložnými zařízeními. Run the “ extend size=SizeInMB ” while replacing the actual size in MB. When a wildcard is allowed with attrib, it means that you can use an asterisk to apply the attribute to DISKPART aneb správa disků z příkazové řádky. Mar 26, 9 AM - Mar 28, 4 PM. Step 3: In the elevated window, type the commands below and hit Enter after each. vhdx" Mar 9, 2023 · At the DISKPART prompt, enter clean to delete all partitions and volumes on the disk. This will list all the available volumes with a number 5 days ago · The diskpart commands are a set of Windows commands that manage disk partitions. Diskpart. Feb 3, 2023 · Windows Server Summit. Use diskpart to find current recovery partition and assign a driver letter(eg. To remove the hidden and read-only attributes on the selected volume, type: attributes volume clear hidden readonly. Delete volume. cd. 3. So I try to select the partition and this is where I am having trouble. If it works correctly, it means the SD card is defective. Oct 3, 2023 · Launch Diskpart. Once you have started Diskpart, you will be prompted to enter a command. Mark the selected partition as active. Type the following command to open Diskpart and press Enter: diskpart. Related links. Applies to: Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012. Using list disk . Jul 31, 2023 · The Windows built-in tool Diskpart is a command-line program designed for disk management. Deletes a missing dynamic disk from the list of disks. 5. Input “diskpart” and hit Enter key. convert gpt. Aug 31, 2016 · To create a Diskpart script, create a text file that contains the Diskpart commands that you want to run, with one command per line, and no empty lines. You'll need to start by opening an administrator mode command prompt -- type cmd into the search box, and then right-click and choose Run as administrator, or use the CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER keyboard shortcut. This will list all the available drives with a number specified to them starting from 0. 1/8/7/XP. ke tt hs us pl dz lr ym bs hx